細胞分裂中、細胞が球形に形成されながら、遺伝情報を担う染色体（赤色）が細胞の中央に並ぶ様子を示す。緑色はアクチン繊維。  

ABSTRACT: On a microscopic scale our world is governed by quantum physics. Apart from fundamental questions and ‘mysteries’ of quantum physics, learning how to control this microscopic world is also an opportunity for new applications and quantum technologies - potentially more powerful than their classical counterparts. In this lecture we discuss recent progress in building quantum computers and quantum simulators. We will focus on quantum optical systems of atoms and ions manipulated by laser light, providing prime examples of quantum systems, which can be controlled on the level of single quanta. This includes a discussion of trapped ions as a universal quantum processor, and digital and analog quantum simulation of strongly correlated quantum matter with atoms in optical lattices. We conclude by presenting recent theory-experiment results from Innsbruck, including quantum cloud programming of ion trap quantum computers and simulators. SHORT BIOGRAPHY: Professor of Physics with tenure, Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, Austria, vice dean of studies (2001-2004), Head of the Institute of Theoretical Physics (1995-1999) Research Director, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austria Academy of Sciences, Innsbruck, Austria (11/2003-present ); Managing Director (11/2009-1/2012) JILA Adjoint Fellow, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Boulder, Colorado (9/1994-present)

ABSTRACT: The Emerged field of Time Domain Astronomy Astronomy enjoys the reputation of being a romantic subject. By all accounts, it is currently in its golden phase with even greater promise as we start this new decade. What is less well known and less appreciated is that modern astronomy is a beneficiary of technological gains (primarily Moore's law, rapid developments in sensor technology) and in turn has contributed to the development of sensors and their physics (charge-coupled devices or CCDs, super-conducting detectors) and was an early entry into big data (through massive surveys). The speaker will make the case using the specific scientific example of "how did the Universe acquire the periodic table?" SHORT BIOGRAPHY: Over the past nearly two decades, along with his current students, post-doctoral fellows, former students, post-doctoral scholars and long term collaborators , he has worked on millisecond pulsars, old neutron stars, young neutron stars, brown dwarfs, soft gamma-ray repeaters, supernova remnants, gamma-ray bursts, new types of optical transients and instrumentation. His current focus is the public-private Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) aimed at an exploration of the transient sky (brighter than 21 mag). In development: STARE, a search for Galactic versions of Fast Radio Bursts (at OVRO, Palomar and other locations) and Kitt Peak EMCCD Demonstrator. Please also see: https://sites.astro.caltech.edu/~srk/

OIST研究者らはパーキンソン病における脳の活動異常について調べたところ、パーキンソン病のモデルマウスで、線条体ニューロンが同調しながら活動し、大脳基底核の活動全体を制御していることを突きとめた。実験では、線条体ニューロンに連続光による刺激を与えると、異常な症状が現れる一方、パルス光を照射すると、脳の活動が正常に戻ることが分かった。

ABSTRACT: With more than 2 million species already described, and many more millions undiscovered or extinct, the size of the Tree of Life is immense. Throughout much of human history our species has felt a deep connection to the other species on our planet. The Tree of Life has now emerged as a grand symbol and organizing principle for biodiversity, one that deftly threads scientific and cultural meaning, providing a unique connector to the public. Yet it required over 150 years from the time of Darwin who referred to “The Great Tree of Life” in the mid 1800s to actually build the first tree of all life in 2015. Put simply, building huge family trees of species is very hard, rivaling the most difficult problems in physics and astronomy. Thus, building the first tree of all named life (all 2.3 million species) was a true “grand challenge” or a “moonshot” for biology. Knowledge of the Tree of Life is also crucial for human survival and well-being – relationships have predictive value, with downstream practical benefits that include the discovery of medicines, crop improvement, improved approaches to conservation, and a better understanding of species’ response to climate change. Yet the Tree of Life is under immense threat in the Anthropocene. We are therefore working on several methods of engaging the public on the importance of biodiversity via the Tree of Life metaphor. No matter what scale and medium, the storytelling will convey why knowledge of the Tree of Life is important for human well-being and survival. SHORT BIOGRAPHY of Prof. Douglas Soltis Douglas Soltis is a Distinguished Professor in the Florida Museum of Natural History and Department of Biology at the University of Florida. He studies plant evolution using genomic and informatic approaches; interests include genome doubling (polyploidy), genome evolution, building the tree of life, and angiosperm diversification. Soltis has reconstructed relationships among major lineages of flowering plants. With others, he proposed a new classification for angiosperms (APG system). He worked with Chinese collaborators to build a tree of life for the plants of China. Soltis is part of a group that built the first-draft tree of life for all 2.3 million named species on Earth. He and others clarified the ancestral angiosperm via the Amborella Genome Project. He has also developed Tragopogon (Compositae) as a model for the study of polyploid evolution. He has over 500 publications, including papers in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, Science and Nature; and 8 books. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Several of these areas are discussed in the following link: https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/soltis-lab/doug-soltis/ SHORT BIOGRAPHY of Prof. Pamela Soltis She is a Distinguished Professor and Curator in the Florida Museum of Natural History and Department of Biology at the University of Florida. A member of the National Academy of Sciences, she focuses on evolutionary patterns and processes that have generated the Tree of Life of plants. She is passionate about the importance of the Tree for human well-being and sharing the grandeur of the Tree with college students and the public.

OIST理論生物物理学ユニットとアムステルダム自由大学の研究者らは、話し言葉を音素に分解する時のように、線虫 C. elegance の複雑な動きをよりシンプルな構成要素に細分化する局所線形解析を行った。一番上のビデオは線虫の動作の一部を示しており、これが逆方向、旋回、前進の動きに分けられる（下図参照）

OISTサイエンスフェスタ2018で大勢の来場者が科学の楽しさを体験しました。

OIST数学力学と材料科学ユニットのヨハネス・シュンケ博士とエリオット・フリード教授は、新型のカライドサイクルを開発しました。新しい構造物は、メビウスの帯として知られている有名な幾何学的オブジェにちなんでメビウス・カライドサイクルと名付けられました。内側から外側に向かって連続的に裏返すことができ、数学的にもユニークな特徴をもつ不思議なオブジェです。従来型のカライドサイクルは6つのヒンジで固定されていますが、今回開発されたメビウス・カライドサイクルは7つ以上のヒンジからなります。見た目にも美しいこのオブジェは、実は多くの分野への応用が期待されます。

沖縄科学技術大学院大学（OIST）のI²  スタートアップ・アクセラレーター・プログラムへようこそ！ イノベーションスクエア、通称I²  （アイ・スクエア）は、世界中から起業家が沖縄に集まり、アイデアを製品や市場開拓へつなげることをめざします。OISTの最先端研究施設と研究機器の利用、世界レベルの研究者や既存の企業、経験豊かな投資家との協働を通じて、起業家を支援します。 I²:  スタートアップ・アクセラレーター・プログラムへの応募や詳細  

Abstract: Human desire to communicate secretly is at least as old as writing itself and goes back to the beginnings of our civilisation. The struggle between code-makers and code-breakers had several times affected the course of history and the formidable mathematical task of breaking increasingly more complicated ciphers contributed to the development of computer science. I will describe briefly how people protected information in the past and how it is done today. Physicists play increasingly more important role in this field because the process of sending and storing of information is always carried out by physical means, for example, by sound, light or radio waves. In particular, eavesdropping can be viewed as a measurement on a physical object, in this case the carrier of the information. What the eavesdropper can measure, and how, depends exclusively on the laws of physics. Using quantum phenomena physicists managed to design and to implement a system which is regarded to be unbreakable. I will outline the basic principles behind quantum cryptography. Biography: Artur Ekert is the Professor of Quantum Physics at the Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, UK. He is also the Director of the Centre for Quantum Technologies and Lee Kong Chian Centennial Professor at the National University of Singapore. He is one of the co-inventors of quantum cryptography, and his current research extends over most aspects of information processing in quantum-mechanical systems. He has worked with and advised several companies and government agencies. He is a recipient of several awards, including the 1995 Maxwell Medal and Prize by the Institute of Physics and the 2007 Royal Society Hughes Medal. In 2016 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. In his non-academic life, he is an avid scuba diver and pilot.

Abstract: The title does not concern the various crises in the world. The question is rather what fundamental materials research has to offer in pushing technologies and in meeting future societal needs. A key issue is energy efficiency which, in general, must seek solutions for the saving, storage and transformation of energy. This requires the right materials, in particular, of carbon materials. Their applications are nearly omnipresent, from thermal insulation and mechanical reinforcement to mobility. The synthetic expertise of the chemist is in high demand, and with the right carbon materials in hand – black or not – the future is bright. Biography: Klaus Müllen joined the Max Planck Society in 1989 as one of the directors of the Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research. His PhD degree was granted by the University of Basel in 1972. He received his habilitation in 1977 at ETH, Zürich. In 1979 he became a Professor at the University of Cologne, and in 1983 at the Johannes-Gutenberg-University, Mainz. He owns about 60 patents, published over 1700 papers and has a h-index of 125.

OISTとオタゴ大学の研究者による国際チームが、2017年のノーベル化学賞の受賞対象にもなったクライオ電子顕微鏡法を用い、セネカバレーウイルス（略称：SVV）を、原子レベルに近い解像度で明らかにすることに成功しました。本構造は、ウイルスがいかに細胞受容体であるANTXRに結合するかを示しています。本受容体の１型は、ヒトのがん細胞の60%まで選択的に発現し、ウイルスが健康な細胞に影響を及ぼさないまま、がん細胞に感染し、破壊することができます。本研究は米国科学アカデミー紀要（PNAS）に発表され、ウイルスがいかにターゲットを認識しながら、健康な組織には影響を及ぼさないかを明らかにしました。