Medical degree from the Karolinska Institute
- Postdoctoral fellow, the Wilmer Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical School (until August 1958)
- Assistant Professor, the Wilmer Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical School (until September 1959)
- Assistant Professor in Neurophysiology/Neuropharmacology, Harvard Medical School (until September 1964)
- Professor, Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School (until August 1983)
- Head of the Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School (until August 1982)
- Vincent and Brooke Astor Professor, Rockefeller University (Established a new Laboratory of Neurobiology (until September 1994)
- President, Rockefeller University (until June 1998)
- Secretary-General, International Human Frontier Science Program Organization (HFSP) (until June 2008)
| September 1994 | Founding member of the International Human Rights Network of Academies and Scholarly Societies (until September 2004) |
| September 1995 | Chair of the board of the Aaron Diamon AIDS Research Center (until September 2001) |
| September 1998 | President of the International Brain Research Organization (until September 2004) |
| September 2001 | Chairman and interim director of the New York Academy of Sciences (until September 2002) |
| September 2001 | Chair of the board of governors of the New York Academy of Sciences (until September 2006) |
| September 2003 | Chairs, the Scientific advisory board of China’s National Institute of Biological Science (until September 2007) |
| September 2004 | Founding member of the Israeli-Palestinian Science Organization (IPSO) (-present) |
| September 2005 | Co-Chair, Board of Governors, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Promotion Corporation (until October 2011) |
| September 2009 | Co-Chair, Establishing Member of Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology School Corporation (until October 2011) |
| November 2011 | Chairperson, Board of Governors, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology School Corporation (-present) |
| December 1981 | The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine |
| July 2005 | The National Medal of Science (USA) |
| December2009 | Grand Cordon Order of the Rising Sun Medal (Japan) |



